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Resumen Objetivo: analizar las creencias relacionadas al cuidado de la salud oral en cuidadores de adultos mayores institucionalizados de la ciudad de Antofagasta, Chile, 2019. Material y Métodos: Estudio cuantitativo, observacional, descriptivo, transversal. Se entrevistó a 49 cuidadores con el cuestionario DCBS-sp, para determinar sus creencias relacionadas al cuidado de la salud oral. Para análisis estadístico se utilizó STATA 14 ®. Resultados: El 36,73% tiene capacitación en salud oral y el 97,96%, percibe la necesidad de capacitarse. Cuidadores con capacitación tienen significativamente más puntajes promedio favorables a la salud bucal en las dimensiones locus control interno y autoeficacia. Conclusiones: Cuidadores tienen baja capacitación para el cuidado de la salud bucal, existiendo creencias desfavorables al cuidado de la salud bucal de las personas mayores institucionalizados. Es necesario diseñar intervenciones de educación para la salud bucal en este grupo que permitan mejorar las creencias relacionadas al cuidado de la salud oral.
Resumo Objetivo: analisar as crenças relacionadas à atenção à saúde bucal em cuidadores de idosos institucionalizados na cidade de Antofagasta, Chile, 2019. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo quantitativo, observacional, descritivo, transversal. 49 cuidadores foram entrevistados com o questionário DCBS-sp para determinar suas crenças relacionadas aos cuidados com a saúde bucal. Para análise estatística, foi utilizado o STATA 14 ®. Resultados: 36,73% possuem treinamento em saúde bucal e 97,96% percebem a necessidade de treinamento. Cuidadores treinados apresentam escores médios significativamente mais elevados favoráveis ââà saúde bucal nas dimensões de controle do locus interno e autoeficácia. Conclusões: Os cuidadores apresentam baixa formação para os cuidados com a saúde bucal, há crenças desfavoráveis ââem relação aos cuidados com a saúde bucal de idosos institucionalizados. É necessário desenhar intervenções de educação em saúde bucal nesse grupo para melhorar as crenças relacionadas aos cuidados com a saúde bucal.
Abstract Objective: to analyze oral health care related beliefs among caregivers of the institutionalized elderly in Antofagasta, Chile, 2019. Material and methods: A quantitative, observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted. Forty-nine caregivers were interviewed with the DCBS-sp questionnaire to determine their oral health care beliefs. STATA 14® was used to conduct the statistical analysis. Results: Of the caregivers interviewed, 36.73% have oral health training, and 97.96% feel they need training. Trained caregivers have significantly better average oral health scores on internal locus of control and self -efficacy. Conclusions Caregivers have insufficient oral health training, and there are unfavorable beliefs about the oral health care of the institutionalized elderly. It is necessary to design oral health educational interventions to allow this group of professionals to improve their oral health care related beliefs.
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RESUMEN Fundamento: Las políticas de evaluación que rigen el sistema educativo peruano en la actualidad, pueden estar contribuyendo al incremento de los niveles de presión y estrés laboral de los docentes, lo que también pudiera incidir negativamente en su desempeño profesional y en el clima organizacional. Objetivo: determinar la relación entre el estrés laboral y el clima organizacional en docentes peruanos. Métodos: estudio descriptivo y correlacional, realizado con la participación de 140 docentes. Se utilizaron dos instrumentos de investigación: el Inventory Burnout Maslash y la Escala de Clima Organizacional; el primero, atendiendo a las dimensiones: agotamiento emocional, despersonalización y realización personal; y el segundo, en correspondencia con otras ocho dimensiones. El análisis se realizó mediante la correlación de Spearman, considerando un margen de error del 5 %. Resultados: se encontró predominio del nivel medio (80,7 %) de estrés laboral; y del nivel alto (78,6%) para el clima organizacional. El análisis de correlación mostró una asociación negativa, altamente significativa entre las variables de estudio. Conclusión: La relación inversamente proporcional entre las variables de estudio permitió inferir que en las instituciones educativas se debe promover un clima organizacional adecuado; que sea inclusivo y presente sostenibilidad en el tiempo; que permita disminuir las manifestaciones de estrés que se suscitan diariamente en la jornada laboral.
ABSTRACT Background: The evaluation policies that currently govern the Peruvian educational system may be contributing to an increase in the levels of pressure and work stress of teachers, which could also negatively affect their professional performance and the organizational climate. Objective: to determine the relationship between work stress and the organizational climate in Peruvian teachers. Methods: descriptive and correlation study, carried out with the participation of 140 teachers. Two research instruments were used: the Maslash Burnout Inventory and the Organizational Climate Scale; the first, taking into account the dimensions: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal fulfillment; and the second, in correspondence with eight other dimensions. The analysis was carried out using Spearman's correlation, considering a 5% margin of error. Results: a predominance of the medium level (80.7%) of work stress was found; and of the high level (78.6%) for the organizational climate. The correlation analysis showed a negative, highly significant association between the study variables. Conclusion: The inversely proportional relationship between the study variables allowed us to infer that an adequate organizational climate should be promoted in educational institutions; that it be inclusive and present sustainability over time; that allows reducing the manifestations of stress that arise daily in the working day.
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Introducción: las terapias de anticoagulación y antiagregación son frecuentemente utilizadas en pacientes cardiópatas. La conducción anestésica de estos pacientes tiene peculiaridades que de no cumplirlas puede llevar a complicaciones severas o a la muerte del paciente. Objetivo: revisar la conducta anestésica ante un paciente cardiópata anticoagulado para cirugía no cardiaca electiva y de urgencia. Método: se hizo una revisión de las características del paciente cardiópata anticoagulado, se analizaron las causas de la anticoagulación y se valoró la interrupción o no del tratamiento anticoagulante ante procederes mayores, menores, electivos y urgentes. Se detalla la monitorización intraoperatoria y la reiniciación del tratamiento anticoagulante post-cirugía. Conclusiones: el éxito de la cirugía no cardiaca del paciente cardiópata anticoagulado, sólo es posible gracias al conocimiento y cumplimiento de las particularidades de estos pacientes. No es posible improvisar ante estos casos, que implican una gran responsabilidad médica y legal para el anestesiólogo.
Introduction: therapies of anti coagulation and anti aggregation are frequently used in cardiopath patients. The anesthetic conduction of these patients has some peculiarities which in case they are not fulfilled they may lead to severe complications or even the death of the patient. Objective: to revise the anesthetic conduct in front of cardiopath patients and is anti coagulated for elective or emergent non cardiac surgery. Method: a revision of the characteristics of this patient was carried out, the causes of anti coagulation were analyzed , the causes of anti coagulation were analyzed as well as the causes of anti coagulation and the interruption or not of the anti coagulant treatment ante main, minor, elective or urgent procedures. The intra operative monitoring is detailed and the reinitiating of post surgery anti coagulant treatment. Conclusion: the success of the non cardiac surgery of the cardiopath patient and takes an anti coagulant treatment is only possible thanks to the knowledge and fulfillment of particularities of this patient. It is not possible to improvise with these cases which explain a great medical legal responsibility for the anesthesiologist.
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Background: The increasing frequency of systemic fungal infections and the emergence of secondary resistance to antifungals in the lasts years, has stimulated the use of methods for antifungal susceptibility testing. Etest(r) is an easily performed quantitative method that has a good agreement with the broth microdilution reference method (NCCLS), if appropriate media are used. Aim: To compare the susceptibility to Amphotericin B (AmB) and Fluconazole (Flu) of 22 opportunistic yeast isolates (C albicans (7), C tropicalis (9), C parapsilosis (3) and Cryptococcus neoformans (3) by Etest ©., using three different media and to choose the best medium for each tested drug. The studied media were RPMI 1640, Casitone (Cas) and Sabouraud. Results: The interpretation of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) endpoints on Sabouraud was difficult for AmB. The American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) strains MICs were out of the acceptable range in this medium. RPMI and Cas were suitable media to test AmB and Flu, but best endpoints were obtained for AmB in RPMI and Flu in Cas. Conclusions: The use of appropriate media for each antifungal drug optimizes the MIC readings by Etest(r). AmB should be tested in RMPI and Flu in Cas. Sabouraud must not be used
Subject(s)
Humans , Yeasts , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Fluconazole , Amphotericin B , In Vitro Techniques , Candida , Cryptococcus neoformans , Culture MediaABSTRACT
In recent years, enterococci have emerged as important pathogens. These organisms are now the third most commonly encountered nosocomial bloodstream infection pathogens in many part of the world. Due to increasing frequency with which multi-drug resistant enterococci are isolated from clinical specimens, there is a need for rapid reporting of results of identification tests and tests for susceptibility testing to antimicrobial agents. In 1999, we published an update of regarding the identification of the different species of enterococci as well as the recommendations for accurately detecting resistance among these isolates. In the current report, we will discuss additional tests for identification of enterococcal species as well as, the current recommendations for susceptibility testing
Subject(s)
Enterococcus/drug effects , In Vitro Techniques , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Enterococcus/classification , Enterococcus/isolation & purification , Vancomycin Resistance , Vancomycin/pharmacokineticsSubject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Anti-Bacterial Agents/classification , Anti-Bacterial Agents/adverse effects , Blotting, Western , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical , Surgical Wound Infection/prevention & control , Disease NotificationABSTRACT
Clinical microbiology laboratories are faced with the challenge of accurate detection of emerging antibiotic resistance among several important gram positive bacterial pahtogens. For enterococci, vancomycin and ampicillin resistance was significantly more prevalent among E. faecium than among E. faecalis. This finding undescores the importance of identifying enterococcal isolates to species for the sake of more precise surveillance. Enterococci are identified to the genus level with tests like pyrrolidine amilaridase, bile esculin and salt tolerance, but in some instances, species identification is desirable. Initial characterization of the species, as well as the antimicrobial susceptibility testing in enterococci, will be discussed in this report
Subject(s)
Enterococcus/isolation & purification , In Vitro Techniques , Enterococcus faecalis/isolation & purification , Enterococcus faecium/isolation & purification , Enterococcus/drug effects , Gentamicins/pharmacokinetics , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Microbiological Techniques , Vancomycin/pharmacokineticsABSTRACT
Presentamos una serie de 43 pacientes con neumonía por P. carinii confirmada ya sea por anatomía patológica y/o RPC, destacando como patología de base más frecuente el SIDA, pero también se pesquisaron casos en pacientes con otras inmunodeficiencias, leucemia linfoblástica aguda, tratamiento inmunosupresor y linfopenia idiopática. En los pacientes infectados por VIH la evolución del cuadro fue larvada mientras que en los pacinetes leucémicos la presentación clínica del cuadro fue más agresiva. Destacó la tríada sintomática de fiebre, tos y disnea como los hallazgos clínicos más frecuentes, junto a una elevación constante de LDH y un recuento de CD4 inferior a 200 células/mm3. La mayoría de los pacientes presentó un patrón radiológico de tipo retículo nodular, aunque se evidenciaron también condensaciones y radiografías de tórax normales. La mayoría de los pacientes presentó una evolución clínica favorable con pocas reacciones adversas severas a cotrimoxazol, pero sí más frecuentes a pentamidina intravenosa. En el subgrupo de pacientes admitidos en UCI se observó una elevada letalidad